化学名の大文字表記について(I)

◎ Capitalization of simple multiword chemical names (I)

Simple multiword chemical names are lowercased when used in the middle of a sentence but capitalized when used at the beginning of a sentence or in a title.
Middle of a sentence:

Wrong: We used Methyl Acetate as a substitute for acetone.
Right: We used methyl acetate as a substitute for acetone.

-> All parts of a multiword chemical name are capitalized in a title. Note that this depends on the casing of the title.


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生物名の大文字表記について

◎ Capitalization of organism names
Capitalize “Metazoa” and “Protozoa” when used as names of divisions
Example: Cladistics plays an important role in decoding the phylogenetic branching of Protozoa.

Lowercase “metazoa” and “protozoa” when used as plurals of metazoon and protozoon (common-noun designations)
Example: The individual metazoon dies, while the protozoa grows to full size.

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種小名の大文字化について(II)

◎ Capitalization of specific epithets (II)
Lowercase adjectives derived from scientific names

Incorrect: Infant mortality due to Group B Streptococcal infections increased by 30% from 2004 to 2005.
Correct: Infant mortality due to Group B streptococcal infections increased by 30% from 2004 to 2005.
The adjective “streptococcal” is derived from the genus “Streptococcus” and should not be capitalized.

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種小名の大文字化について(I)

◎ Capitalization of specific epithets (I)
The scientific name of most organisms follows binomial nomenclature: Scientific name = Genus + Specific epithet
Always lowercase the specific epithet wherever it appears in the paper, e.g., Escheria coli
Lowercase the specific epithet even when the genus name is abbreviated, e.g., The motor response of E. coli bacteria was studied.


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一般名の大文字表記について

◎ Capitalize a common name if it is derived from a proper noun

- Incorrect: The chlorophyll content and leaf area index of english ivy was measured.
- Correct: The chlorophyll content and leaf area index of English ivy was measured.

In the above example, “English” is a proper noun and should be capitalized.

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生物の大文字表記について(2)

◎ Do not capitalize common or vernacular names of plants and animals, i.e., when they are described in general contexts.

- Incorrect: Chronic exercise in Dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production.
- Correct: Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production.

In the above example, “dogs” is used in a general context and should not be capitalized.

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Capitalization

生物の大文字表記について(1)

◎ Capitalize genus names when they are used as formal names, but lowercase when they are used as common nouns

- Proper name: The decreasing population of /Gorilla g. beringei/ in Uganda is alarming.
- Common noun: The decreasing population of gorillas in Uganda is alarming

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