Avoiding redundant abbreviations

Avoid redundant abbreviations

Abbreviations such as AIDS and ATM are often followed by the words “syndrome” and “machine,” respectively. This is awkward because then the phrases will be read as “acquired immune deficiency syndrome syndrome” and “automated teller machine machine.” This can be avoided by verifying that the last letter of the abbreviation does not stand for the word that follows it.

Wordy: An LED diode was used as a light source in the detector.
Concise: An LED was used as a light source in the detector.

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How to mention "figures" and "tables" in the text

原稿内の図表の言及方法について

◎ In order refer to figures and tables in manuscripts, use words like ‘show’ and ‘present’.

Example 1: Table 1 shows the common exposure.
Example 2: The SEM images are presented in Fig. 2.

Subject/verb agreement: Remember, with singular "figure" or "table" - the following verb would be "shows" and for plural "figures" or "tables" the verb would be "show"

Other words to use are illustrate, demonstrate, provide, and list.

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Using "different" correctly

“Different” の使い方
◎ Usage of “Different”

Different: The word “different” is the opposite of the word “similar.” That is, if something differs from another, it is unlike it in some way.

In terms of usage, you can say that something is “different to” another (mostly in British English) as well as “different from” another (American English). However, in writing, “different from” is preferred.

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"Pandemic” vs. “endemic” vs. “epidemic”

“pandemic”, “endemic”, “epidemic”について
◎ “pandemic” vs. “endemic” vs. “epidemic”

Pandemic: A “pandemic” disease is one that spreads over a whole country or the whole world, i.e., an extensively epidemic disease.

Wrong: Origin of the 1918 Influenza Endemic and Its Implications on Public Health
Wrong: Origin of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic and Its Implications on Public Health
Right: Origin of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Implications on Public Health

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Ellipsis points - three or four?

文の省略記号について
◎ Points of Ellipsis: Three or Four
Ellipsis points (…) are a series of three dots, not four.
They are mainly used to indicate missing words in a quote. Ellipsis can be used to show missing words at the beginning, middle, and end of a sentence.

For example,
1. Beginning: “…mountains are not cones, and coastlines are not
circles, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.”
2. Middle: “Clouds are not spheres, …nor does lightning travel in a straight line.”
3. End: “Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, and coastlines are not circles, nor
does…”


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Correct tense usage

時制について

◎ Tenses

While writing a paper, it is very important to use the correct tense to report your findings correctly.

Conclusion: The conclusion is usually a mixture of the past, present, and future tenses. The future tense is typically used in the conclusion only to talk about future work. For example, “Further research on this protein will determine its exact structure.”

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Correct colon usage with other punctuation

その他のマークと同時に利用するコロン
◎ Usage of colon with other marks

Whenever a colon is used in conjunction with closing quotation marks, place it after the quotes. It should also follow a parenthesis.

For example,
He began with “The Village Blacksmith”: “Under the spreading chestnut tree…”
There are several advantages to growing the red mulberry (Morus rubra): Its fruits are edible…”

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