Usage of "Include"

“Include”の使い方について

◎ Include: Use include to only some of the parts that form the whole of something.

Example:
Incorrect: The solar system is composed of the planets Mars and Jupiter.
Correct: The solar system includes the planets Mars and Jupiter.

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Usage of "Compose"

◎ Compose: Use when you want to refer to all the parts that together form the whole of something.

Example: The viral envelope is composed of two layers of fatty molecules called lipids.

This sentence implies that the viral envelope is completely made of two layers of fatty molecules.

About the tense in the thesis-Part 2

In papers from the fields of biology and medicine, see below for the tenses usually used in the Results and Discussion and Conclusion sections.

- Results and Discussion: The results section is typically written in the past tense, while the discussion section, however, is usually written in the present tense.

- Conclusion: The conclusion is usually a mixture of the past, present, and future tenses. The future tense is typically used in the conclusion only to talk about future work and should be avoided otherwise.

http://crimsonjapan.blogspot.com/2009_06_01_archive.html

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About the tense in the thesis-Part 1

In papers from the fields of biology and medicine, see below for the tenses usually used in the Introduction and Methods sections.

- Introduction: The introduction is usually written in present tense. Example: “We show that p73 plays an important role in tumorigenesis.”

- Methods: This section is mainly written in the past tense. Example: “PC3 and LNCaP cell lines were obtained from ATCC under standard conditions.”

Defining an abbreviation

◎ When defining an abbreviation, first write the full form and then the abbreviation in parentheses, and not the other way around.

Incorrect: We analyzed the EPR (electron para-magnetic resonance) spectra of...
Correct: We analyzed the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of...

Usage of "Idea" and "Concept"

‘idea’ と ‘concept’の違いについて

◎ A concept is a general point derived from specific facts or theories. An idea is a thought, notion, opinion, or impression of what something is or should be like.

Concept: Temporal logic is based on the concept of time intervals.
Idea: Watching the birds fly, man got an idea to build a plane and conquer the skies.
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usage of words like ‘show’ and ‘present’

In order refer to figures and tables in manuscripts, use words like ‘show’ and ‘present’.

Example 1: Table 1 shows the common exposure.
Example 2: The SEM images are presented in Fig. 2.

Other words to use are illustrate, demonstrate, provide, and list.

http://crimsonjapan.blogspot.com/2009_06_01_archive.html

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Use of "respectively"

Use respectively only when there is a one-to-one correspondence in the sentence.

Incorrect: The suppression rates for the two patients were 15% and 35%, respectively.
Correct: The suppression rates for patients 1 and 2 were 15% and 35%, respectively.

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Correct usage of "Disk" & "Disc"

Disk is the part where information is read magnetically.
Example: ‘Hard disk’, ‘floppy disk’

Disc is used to refer to storage media that are read optically.
Example: ‘Compact Disc’, ‘Digital Versatile Disc’

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Usage of "etc."

‘etc.’ is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase ‘et cetera’ and means and other things. It is used to represent the logical continuation in a series. Do not use ‘and etc.’ because then you are saying ‘and and other things.’

Incorrect: He ate bread, butter, and etc.
Correct: He ate bread, butter, etc.

Usage of "e.g."

‘e.g.’ is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase ‘exempli gratia’ and means for example. It is used to cite an example of something. Do not use "for e.g." because then you are saying "for for example."

Incorrect: He ate fruits, for e.g., apples and oranges.
Correct: He ate fruits, e.g., apples and oranges.

http://crimsonjapan.blogspot.com/2009_06_01_archive.html

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