Capitalization of geographic terms

◎Capitalization of geographic terms
Divisions of the earth’s surface: Cap the names of the great divisions of the earth’s surface; also the names of distinct regions or districts.

For example,
Arctic Circle
North Pole
Great Divide
Tropic of Cancer

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地名の表記ついて

◎ Capitalize a foreign generic term that forms part of the geographic name: the Rio Grande

Do not include the English term

Incorrect: The Rio Grande River
Correct: The Rio Grande

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地名の表記ついて

When referring to two of the same geographic feature, the generic term is usually pluralized.

Capitalize the plural generic term if

1. It is part of the proper geographic name: We studied the bird communities of the Hawaiian Islands.
2. It is used “before” two or more proper names: Toxic materials were released into Lakes Sagami and Tsukui.

Some style guides say that the plural generic term should not be capitalized when used “after” two or more proper names, while others say it should.

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More on capitalization

地名の表記ついて

In a geographic name, do not capitalize the generic term when it is used descriptively rather than as part of the proper name.

- Incorrect: Cataglyphis, an ant that lives in the Sahara Desert, is one of the most thermo-tolerant land animals.
- Correct: Cataglyphis, an ant that lives in the Sahara desert, is one of the most thermo tolerant land animals.
- Also Correct: Cataglyphis, an ant that lives in the Sahara, is one of the most thermo-tolerant land animals.

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Capitalization with geographic names and proper nouns

地名の表記ついて

In a geographic name, the generic term is the common noun like “lake,” “river,” etc. Capitalize the generic term when the it is a part of the “proper” geographic name:

- Incorrect: We conducted a haplotype analysis of the Black forest families.
- Correct: We conducted a haplotype analysis of the Black Forest families.

Always consult a dictionary like Webster’s Geographical Dictionary for the proper geographic name.

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