Academic Style: Unclear pronouns
When writing an academic paper, “ambiguous” words and phrases should be avoided. The use of unclear pronouns (e.g., it, this, and them) that could refer to more than one thing or situation is a common case of ambiguity.
Ambiguous: Carry the nuts and bolts in two separate containers. Before lifting them, make sure your gloves are on.
Here, it is unclear what “them” refers to. “Them” could mean the (a) nuts, (b) bolts, (c) nuts and bolts, or (d) the containers.
If the author is referring to the containers, the following sentence should be used:
Clear: Carry the nuts and bolts in two separate containers. Before lifting the containers, make sure your gloves are on.
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